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李存葆丨《高山下的花环》

推荐理由

《高山下的花环》在军事小说社会化的发展进程中作出了新贡献。写军人生活时处处关照它与整个社会的联结和感应，把军营与社会结合，在人物关系与人物命运的描绘中贯穿军营与社会、现实与历史的广泛联系，使作品具有强大的辐射力。它的成功，很重要的一点在于作品的真实性，大胆揭示部队生活中的矛盾。写出了一些平凡人崇高而伟大的心灵。如梁三喜和他70岁的母亲。

梁三喜在极度贫困的生活中，默默为部队献出自己的一切。临死前他留下的不是惊天动地的豪言壮语，而是一纸染上鲜血的欠帐单。梁大娘在战争年代已经献出一个儿子，二儿子和丈夫也在动乱中死去，但她独自用苍老的双肩支撑家庭，把唯一的儿子交给部队。为了偿还儿子欠下的债，省一点车票钱，她竟和儿媳抱着出生仅3个月的盼盼翻山越岭走了4天。

他们的心灵那样崇高，那么圣洁。对读者具有的震撼力量和净化力量，主要来源于此。铁面无私的雷军长则表现出凛然正气，与梁家人相映生辉，增强了小说的感染力。小说也没有仅仅写官兵们英勇杀敌的壮烈行动，而是写出他们丰富、复杂的情感世界。如靳开来的嫉恶如仇，对于梁三喜的体贴，劝梁三喜在妻子生孩子前赶回家。

这部小说其实酝酿已久。1982年4月，李存葆去北京参加军事题材文学创作座谈会，听了军委有关领导的讲话，同行们的议论，对如何反映军队内部矛盾，受到很大启发。酝酿的人物活了，他列出一个人物表，一气呵成，写出《高山下的花环》。小说首先感动了当代文学评论界的泰斗冯牧先生。他一口气读了原稿，说：“这确实是一部好作品，一部充溢着崇高的革命情愫、能够提高和净化人们思想境界的作品，一部真实地挖掘和再现了我们英雄战士身上所赋有的那种瑰丽又宝贵的精神品质的作品”。

小说后来引起轰动，一版再版，并被搬上银幕、屏幕和不少剧种舞台。在全军、全国获奖，被翻译出版；电影获第五届“金鸡奖”编剧奖，并在美国、 日本、意大利和香港、台湾等国家和地区上映······

Reviews

Wreaths at the Foot of the Mountain makes new contributions to the socialization of military novels. When depicting military life, it combines in every way the military camps and the society, focusing on the connections as well as interactions between both parties. The novel has extensive influence because the general connections between the camps and the society and between reality and history. Its success, to a great degree, lies in its realness and courage to reveal the contradictions in the army. It shows the noble and great spirits of ordinary people, such as Liang Sanxi and his 70-year-old mother.

Liang Sanxi lived in extreme poverty, and silently gave up everything to the army. Before his death, however, he left no heroic utterance but a bloody debt bill. Having lost one son to the war and her husband and second son in the Cultural Revolution, Aunt Liang still sent her only son, Sanxi, to the army, and bore the family burden alone. In order to pay off Sanxi’s debt, Aunt Liang and Yuxiu, whilst holding three-month-old Panpan, walked all the way over the mountains. They did so to avoid having to spend money on bus tickets.

Their noble and holy spirits can tremble and purify the hearts of the readers.

The selfless and stern Army Commander Lei, set off by the Liang family, makes the novel more appealing. The novella depicts not only the heroic actions of the soldiers before the enemy, but also their rich and complicated emotional world. For example, Jin Kailai who had an abhorrence of sin and jealousy was also tenderhearted to advise Liang Sanxi home before the childbirth.

The novella had been long-planned, until Li Cunbao attended the symposium on military literary creation in Beijing in April 1982. After hearing the speech of the army leadership and the discussions of the colleagues, he got great inspiration on how to reflect the internal contradictions in the army. A list of characters came alive in his mind and he finished in one go Wreaths at the Foot of the Mountain. Mr. Feng Mu, a leading authority of contemporary literary criticism, was so moved by the novel. After reading the manuscript in one sitting he said, “This is really a good work full of lofty revolutionary emotions, which can sublime and purify the spirits of people. It practically investigates and represents the beautiful and precious spirits of our soldier heroes.”

Causing a sensation, the novella was printed repeatedly and translated for publication. It won many awards in the army and in the nation. It was also moved onto the movie screen, the TV screen, and the drama stages, achieving the 5th Golden Rooster Award for Best Writing. The movie was released in the United States, Japan, Italy, and Hong Kong and Taiwan. 

作家简介

Author Profile

李存葆，男，1946年2月19日生，山东五莲人。汉族，1986年毕业于解放军艺术学院文学系。1964年应征入伍，历任战士、班长、排长、新闻干事，济南军区文工团编导，济南军区政治部创作室主任，解放军艺术学院副院长，少将军衔，专业作家，文学创作一级。全国政协委员，中国作家协会第四届理事及全国委员会委员、军事文学委员会委员，中国报告文学学会副会长。1986年曾作为中国作家代表团团长率团出访日本，享受政府特殊津贴。

小说被翻译成英、美、法、日、俄等国语言出版。其中篇小说《高山下的花环》《山中，那十九座坟茔》分别获全国第二、三届优秀中篇小说奖。长篇报告文学《大王魂》《沂蒙九章》(与王光明合作)分别获中国潮和全国报告文学奖。散文《我为捕虎者说》获第一届韩愈杯一等奖、全军八一新作奖一等奖。散文《鲸殇》获第六届“十月文学”奖。《大河遗梦》获第三届鲁迅文学奖、第二届韩愈杯一等奖。电影文学剧本《高山下的花环》获全国第五届电影金鸡奖及最佳编剧奖。《百年老屋》(均已拍摄发行)获全国优秀电影剧本奖。

Male writer Li Cunbao of Han nationality was born in Wulian in Shandong Province on February 19th, 1946. Li Cunbao enlisted into the army in 1964 and graduated from the Department of Literature at the PLA Academy of Art in 1986. He has successively served as a soldier, squadron leader, platoon leader, information officer, Production Director of the Art Troupe of Jinan Military Region, Chief of the art studio in the Political Department of Jinan Military Region, and Vice President of the PLA Academy of Art. He is a major general as well as professional writer. He is member of the National Committee of CPPCC, member of the 4th committee of China Writers Association, member of the National Committee of China Writers Association, member of the Military Literature Committee, and Vice President of China Reportage Association.

In 1986, Li Cunbao led the Chinese writer delegation to Japan. He was entitled to special government allowances. His novels have been translated into English, French, Japanese, Russian, and other languages for publication.

His novella Wreaths at the Foot of the Mountain and The Nineteen Tombs in the Mountain won the 2nd and 3rd National Best Novella Award respectively. His long reportage The Soul of the King and Nine Chapters about Yimeng (co-written by Wang Guangming) won the China Tide Prize and National Reportage Prize respectively. His prose I Speak for a Tiger Catcher won First Prize of Han Yu Cup Award and First Prize of Bayi New Work Award of the Army. His prose A Whale Died Young won the 6th October Literature Award. Dreams About the Big River won the 3rd Lu Xun Literature Prize and First Prize of the 2nd Han Yu Cup Award. Furthermore, the film script Wreaths at the Foot of the Mountain won the 5th Golden Rooster Film Award for Best Writing, and The Centennial House won the National Best Screenplay Award (Both have been filmed and released).

中文概要

Synopsis

1970年代末，在中国西南边疆，某部9连官兵正在度周末。通信员金小柱跑来，找到正在河里游泳的连长梁三喜，告诉他团里批准了他的探亲报告，梁三喜沉浸在幸福中。第二天新任指导员赵蒙生来到连队。他的精神状态和工作态度让梁三喜放心不下，赵蒙生不愿在连队工作，一心要走后门调到机关，对工作不负责任。看到这些，梁三喜推迟探亲，排长靳开来对此十分恼火，忍不住旁敲侧击。

梁三喜看到妻子玉秀的信，记忆的闸门打开：去年玉秀来队探亲，玉秀是个勤劳善良的女子，她很能干。在山东老家，家里的活都是她一个人干，来到部队她也不闲着，整天为战士洗洗涮涮，因此战士对她也很尊敬。她和三喜在一起度过一段愉快的日子。

这时越站开始，部队接到命令，要开赴云南前线。梁三喜放弃探亲，准备参战，这时赵蒙生也接到调令，一向宽厚的三喜狠狠批评了他。出发前，梁三喜给玉秀回信，告诉给孩子起的名子叫盼盼。临战时，靳开来被任命为9连副连长。他向全连同志表示要在这个位置上干出个样子来。

赵蒙生的母亲、军区卫生部副部长吴爽，想通过雷军长为儿子搞曲线调动，电话打到前线指挥部，雷军长大怒，在战前军人大会上说：这是前线指挥部，有一位神通广大的婆娘竟把电话打到我的指挥部来，为她的儿子搞曲线调动，我就让他第一个冲向战场。

赵蒙生羞愧得无地自容，发誓要在战场上与敌人刺刀见红。

战士们义无反顾地杀上战场。在艰苦环境里，炎热的天气使战士们严重脱水，干渴难耐，有的渴得晕过去。靳开来为了保证生源，保存战斗力，到老乡的田里去偷甘蔗，被地雷炸死。炮手“小北京”雷凯华，因为一发批林批孔年代生产的臭弹误了战机，被敌人的枪弹击中。通信员金小柱被炸断双腿。梁三喜为掩护战友赵蒙生中了敌人的冷弹倒在山坡上。愤怒的赵蒙生抱起炸药包冲进敌人山洞，为赢得胜利立功。

战斗结束，高山下的烈士陵园里堆起了一座座新坟，在花环的掩映下，烈士家属们陆续来到部队。靳开来的妻子杨改花带着孩子，但她却没有领到靳开来的军功章。原因是靳开来爱发牢骚，又违反纪律去偷老乡的甘蔗。雷军长盛怒之下摔了军帽：“不给靳开来立功，天理难容。”

梁三喜的母亲梁大娘和玉秀也千里迢迢从沂蒙山区赶到连队。她们用抚恤金和借来的钱为梁三喜还清欠债，珍藏起三喜留给她们的一件舍不得穿的军大衣。

夜色降临，梁大娘在梁三喜墓前痛哭不已，忍了好久的玉秀也大放悲声。在另一座坟前，她们与雷军长相遇，才知道“小北京”就是雷军长的儿子，也葬在这山下。

At the end of the 1970s, the soldiers in the 9th Company of a PLA unit in the southwest frontier of China were on a holiday weekend. The company commander Liang Sanxi was swimming in the river when the correspondent Jin Xiaozhu told him that his home leave had been approved. Then ews made him enormously happy. The next day, the newly-appointed instructor Zhao Mengsheng came to the company. He was in no mood to work since he had just come for a future transfer through connections. Liang Sanxi was concerned about the state of mind and working attitude of Zhao Mengsheng, and therefore he postponed the home tour. Feeling very annoyed after seeing this, the platoon leader Jin Kailai could not help but beat about the bush.     

Liang Sanxi was reading his wife Yuxiu’s letter, with the memories started coming back. Last year, Yu Xiu came to see him in the company. As a kindhearted and hardworking woman, Yuxiu did everything at home in Shandong. In the camp, she was also busy washing for the soldiers and gaining respect from them. She and Sanxi had a pleasant time together.

Then, as the Sino-Vietnamese War started, the troops received the order to go to the front in Yunnan. Liang Sanxi gave up his home leave to join the battle. At this time, Zhao Mengsheng received the transfer order. Though always generous, Liang Sanxi harshly criticized him. Before departure, however, Liang Sanxi told Yuxiu their child should be named Panpan, meaning “expecting in hope”. Just before the battle, Jin Kailai was appointed the Deputy Company Commander. He declared to the whole company that he would try his best to do his duty.

Zhao Mengsheng’s mother Wu Shuang, the Deputy Health Minister of the Military Region, wanted to transfer her son via the Army Commander Lei. She called Lei in the front command, and that call made Lei furious. In the pre-war military meeting Lei said: At this critical moment a powerful noble woman called my command just to transfer her son to the back. I’d let her son rush in first onto the battlefield!    

Zhao Mengsheng felt so ashamed that he swore to kill the enemy courageously.

The soldiers set out for the battlefield fearlessly. In the harsh environment, the hot weather made the soldiers seriously thirsty, dehydrated, and even light-headed. To sustain their energy for fighting, Jin Kailai went to the farmland to steal sugarcanes, but was sadly killed by a landmine. Obstructed by several blind shells produced in the “Condemn Lin Biao and Confucius” Movement, Gunner “Little Beijing” Lei Kaihua got shot by the enemy. The correspondent Jin Xiaozhu lost his legs in bombing. Furthermore, in efforts to cover Zhao Mengsheng, Liang Sanxi was shot down on the hill slope. In retaliation, Zhao Mengsheng rushed into the enemy cave with explosives, and hence contributing to the victory.     

When the war was over, new graves were built in the martyrs’ cemetery at the foot of the mountain. The families of martyrs came to the troops. Jin Kailai’s wife Yang Gaihua and their child came, yet they did not receive his medal. In fact, Jin Kailai had not been awarded a medal because of violation in discipline as he had had complaints about the leadership and stolen the farmers’ sugarcane. The army commander Lei threw his hat angrily saying, “Heaven won’t be satisfied, if Jin Kailai is not awarded.”

Liang Sanxi’s mother Aunt Liang and Yuxiu finally arrived at the company by travelling all the way on foot from the Yimeng mountain area in Shandong Province. They used their pensions and borrowed money to pay off Sanxi’s debt. What Sanxi left them was only one military coat he had saved up.

As night fell, in front of Sanxi’s grave, Aunt Liang and Yuxiu burst into tears after holding them back for so long. In front of another grave, they met the Army Commander Lei, where they came to realize that Lei’s son “Little Beijing” had also been buried in the cemetery.