周国平:以文学谈哲学 观照心灵的历程与磨难

来源:CCTSS

作者:罗雨静

2018-11-27

  近年来,中国文化“走出去”的影响力不断扩大,在全球文化多元化发展日益兴盛的背景下,中国文化译研网(CCTSS)联合中国作家协会《小说选刊》杂志社,启动“新世纪中国当代作家、作品海外传播数据库”项目,将100位中国当代优秀作家的简介、代表作品以及展示作家风采的短视频翻译为10种语言,集结成1000张中国作家名片向全球推介。千张“作家名片”将鲜明地向世界宣告:我是中国作家,我在进行中国创作。


  此种形式和规模是中国故事走向世界的一大创新,会让世界更加全面、客观、公正地了解中国优秀作家作品,同时也是打通中国文化走向世界的“最后一公里”。


  周国平,男,1945年7月生于上海,1968年毕业于北京大学哲学系;大学毕业后曾于湖南沅江部队农场锻炼;1981年毕业于中国社会科学院研究生院哲学系。现为中国社会科学院哲学研究所研究员,中国当代著名学者、作家、哲学研究者,是中国研究哲学家尼采的著名学者之一。周国平著有散文集《人与永恒》《守望的距离》《各自的朝圣路》《安静》《善良·丰富·高贵》《偶尔远行》,诗集《忧伤的情欲》,纪实文学《妞妞,一个父亲的札记》《岁月与性情》,哲学文论《尼采:在世纪的转折点上》《尼采与形而上学》,并译有《悲剧的诞生——尼采美学文选》《尼采诗集》《偶像的黄昏》等作品。


  周国平擅以文学的形式谈哲学,探索现代人精神生活中的普遍困惑,诸如生命的意义、死亡、自我、性与爱、灵魂与超越等,他重视观照心灵的历程与磨难,寓哲理于常情中,深入浅出,平易之中多见理趣。他的文字简单却有魔力,直击每一个热爱人生但又难免遭遇挫折的人的内心,影响了一代又一代的年轻人。


  《人与永恒》是周国平的代表作之一,以随笔短语的形式阐述了他对人生问题的关注和思考,包括人、爱、孤独、人生、美、超脱、天才、婚姻、死,自然和生命,女人和男人,幸福和痛苦,时间和永恒等二十六个话题。书中并没有艰深的哲学术语,相反都是浅白的词语,写下了他对人生的理解和困惑。《妞妞:一个父亲的札记》的主角是一个仅活了五百六十二天便夭折的小女孩——妞妞。此书以包含血泪的文字记录自己养育身患绝症的幼儿的痛苦经历,通过剖析生命诞生与消亡的过程,周国平追问人生的意义和情爱的真谛,书中浓浓的哲学意味,让人们在感叹一个具体生命生死的同时,也关注人类普遍的生命意识,将生命个体的悲剧泛化到人类的苦难中,反思人类如何面对死亡,以及爱与伤害等永恒命题。随感集《人生不较劲》中,所谓“人生不较劲”在周国平看来,是不和自己、他人、老天较劲之意,盲目较劲往往是人世间痛苦的根源,唯有具备不较劲的智慧,才能把劲儿节省和积聚起来,使在正确的方向上,从而实现自我的价值,得到真正的幸福。 


  在最新的散文集《人生因孤独而丰盛》中,周国平以灵动而质朴的语言,探讨了如何让生命回归单纯、怎样去寻求智慧的人生、如何做到简单的生活、如何学会与孤独和平的相处、怎样获得恰到好处的爱情和怎样保持自己灵魂的高贵——这既是哲学的主题,也是人生的主题。


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  周国平


  Zhou Guoping


  Zhou Guoping was born in Shanghai in July 1945. He graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1968. After graduating from university, he worked at the Yuanjiang Army Farm in Hunan. In 1981, he graduated from the Graduate School of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, where he is currently a researcher, a famous contemporary Chinese scholar, writer, and philosopher. He is one of the famous Chinese scholars researching the philosopher Nietzsche. Zhou Guoping has written the essay collections People and Eternity, The Distance of Watching, The Different Pilgrimage Roads, Quiet, Goodness, Richness and Nobleness, Occasional Travel, the poetry collections Sadness of Sorrow, documentary literature Niu Niu, One Father’s Notes, Years and Temperament, philosophical literary theory papers Nietzsche: At the Turning Point of the Century, Nietzsche and Metaphysics, and translated The Birth of Tragedy – The Selection of Nietzsche’s Aesthetics, The Poetry Collection of Nietzsche, The Idol at Dusk and other works.


  Zhou Guoping is good at discussing philosophy in the form of literature and exploring the general confusions in modern people’s spiritual lives, such as the meaning of life, death, self, sex and love, soul and transcendence. He attaches importance to the process and suffering of the mind and makes philosophy easy to understand. His words are simple but magical, and they affect the hearts of every person who loves life but is inevitably frustrated, affecting generations of young people.


  People and Eternity is one of Zhou Guoping’s representative works. He elaborates his concern and thinking on life issues in the form of essays, on 26 topics including people, love, loneliness, life, beauty, detachment, genius, marriage, death, nature, lifespan, women and men, happiness and pain, time and eternity and so on. There are no difficult philosophical terms in the book. On the contrary, they are all plain words, and they write about his understanding and confusion about life.


  The protagonist of Niu Niu: A Father’s Notes is a little girl who lived for only 556 days – Niu Niu. This book records the painful experience of raising a child with a terminal illness in a book full of blood and tears. By analyzing the process of birth and demise of life, Zhou Guoping asks the meaning of life and the true meaning of love. The profound philosophical meanings in the book, while making people sigh at a specific life and death, also pays attention to the universal life consciousness of human beings, generalizes the tragedy of individual life into the suffering of human beings, and reflects on how human beings face death, and eternal propositions such as love and harm.


  In the essay Life is Not Strong, the so-called “life is not competitive”, in Zhou Guoping’s view, is not to compare with oneself, others, or God. Blind comparisons are often the root of the world’s pain, only by having the wisdom to not compare can one save and accumulate one’s strength and put themself in the right direction to achieve the value of the self, and to achieve real happiness.


  In his latest collection of essays, Life is Rich Because of Solitude, Zhou Guoping, with vivid and simple language, explores how to make life return to simplicity, how to seek wisdom in life, how to have a simple life, how to learn to be at peace with loneliness, and how to get just the right love and how to keep your soul noble – this is both the theme of philosophy and the theme of life.


责任编辑:王爽